{"id":3233,"date":"2020-06-12T06:37:17","date_gmt":"2020-06-12T06:37:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/?p=3233"},"modified":"2022-08-03T16:03:46","modified_gmt":"2022-08-03T05:03:46","slug":"a-lawyers-guide-to-the-nsw-evictions-moratorium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/a-lawyers-guide-to-the-nsw-evictions-moratorium","title":{"rendered":"A Lawyer&#8217;s Guide to the NSW Evictions Moratorium"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Almost&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/mf\/6202.0\" target=\"_blank\">one million<\/a>&nbsp;people lost their jobs&nbsp;while the underemployment rate increased to 13.7%&nbsp;when the Federal Government shut down non-essential services in March&nbsp;to&nbsp;slow the spread&nbsp;of COVID-19.&nbsp;While the reasons for the drastic measures are understandable, they are certainly cold comfort for&nbsp;tenants&nbsp;who now&nbsp;have to&nbsp;worry about keeping a roof over their heads&nbsp;and&nbsp;for proprietors despairing of&nbsp;keeping their businesses afloat.&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;eviction moratorium&nbsp;implemented by all state and territory governments&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;National Cabinet Mandatory Code&nbsp;of Conduct&nbsp;has gone some way towards&nbsp;providing security for commercial and residential tenants&nbsp;as&nbsp;discussed&nbsp;in&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/untangling-the-evictions-moratorium-for-nsw-residential-and-commercial-tenancies\">Untangling the Evictions Moratorium for NSW Residential and Commercial Tenancies<\/a><\/em>.&nbsp;Now,&nbsp;<em>Legal Insight<\/em>&nbsp;explores&nbsp;the&nbsp;practicalities&nbsp;of implementing the&nbsp;temporary rental support measures&nbsp;with&nbsp;Leisha de Aboitiz,&nbsp;Commercial Property partner at&nbsp;Massons&nbsp;and author of&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/legal.thomsonreuters.com.au\/conveyancing-manual-nsw\/productdetail\/39078\">Conveyancing Manual NSW<\/a><\/em>,&nbsp;Melanie Bradfield,&nbsp;Legal Aid Housing solicitor and author of the Tenancy chapter in&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/legal.thomsonreuters.com.au\/lawyers-practice-manual-nsw\/productdetail\/89430\">Lawyers Practice Manual NSW<\/a><\/em>&nbsp;and Jessica Tat, author of&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/legal.thomsonreuters.com.au\/motor-vehicle-law-nsw\/productdetail\/51945\">Motor Vehicle Law NSW<\/a><\/em>, with a particular focus on NSW.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The difficulties in negotiating rent decreases&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rental affordability, commercial or residential, is&nbsp;a topical issue in NSW&nbsp;with Sydney&nbsp;remaining the most unaffordable capital city for residential property.&nbsp;Soon after the&nbsp;announcement of&nbsp;the eviction moratorium, both state and Commonwealth governments were urging tenants and landlords to&nbsp;enter into&nbsp;negotiations over rental payments in good faith.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, there will undeniably be&nbsp;difficulties encountered by both parties in both the residential and commercial spaces&nbsp;because as Melanie pointed&nbsp;out, \u201cthere is a major power imbalance between tenants and landlord when negotiating a rent reduction.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe process necessarily requires the tenant to approach the landlord first and put their financial position on the table without knowing that of the landlord\u201d, said&nbsp;Melanie.&nbsp;Should&nbsp;a landlord prove to be unable or unwilling to reduce rents, regardless of their reasons, there is very little a tenant can do. Even&nbsp;though&nbsp;they are&nbsp;protected from eviction until&nbsp;the&nbsp;NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal&nbsp;is satisfied that negotiations have concluded,&nbsp;any&nbsp;unpaid rent will accrue as arrears during this period&nbsp;as&nbsp;the \u201cregulation ultimately invests all power in the landlord to make the decision about whether to reduce rent, whether it will be payable at a later date, the amount and duration of the reduction\u201d, Melanie&nbsp;warned.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She&nbsp;considered&nbsp;that landlords&nbsp;may themselves be facing&nbsp;financial difficulty during the COVID-19 crisis that&nbsp;will have an&nbsp;impact&nbsp;on&nbsp;their ability to decrease rent.&nbsp;\u201cA number of landlords do rely on rent to either service their mortgage, or as their only source of income\u201d, Melanie&nbsp;noted&nbsp;and&nbsp;further&nbsp;advising&nbsp;landlords to \u201cseek financial advice about land tax and potential income tax deductions, which they may benefit from if they agree to rent reductions.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leisha agreed&nbsp;that there is a&nbsp;similar&nbsp;power imbalance&nbsp;for commercial tenants,&nbsp;saying&nbsp;that&nbsp;\u201cimpacted lessees simply may not be able to afford legal representation and may therefore agree to less favourable terms, or settle for less than they are entitled to through a fear of incurring dispute-related costs if a commercial agreement can\u2019t be reached\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She&nbsp;observed&nbsp;that for landlords,&nbsp;\u201cthe difficulties are more likely to be linked to distinguishing between pre-existing (unrelated) breaches and breaches properly occurring during\u201d&nbsp;the period of&nbsp;operation of the&nbsp;<em>Retail and Other Commercial Leases (COVID-19) Regulation 2020<\/em>&nbsp;(Relief Period).&nbsp;Her main concern is that it \u201cwill not always be easy to establish the extent of genuine COVID-19 impact on tenants, particularly in circumstances where many tenants will be approaching landlords for relief and not all claims will be capable of being fully substantiated.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leisha suggested&nbsp;that when renegotiating&nbsp;existing terms, consideration ought to be given to \u201cmechanisms which permit a degree of flexibility given that the duration and extent of financial impact&nbsp;for a tenant is likely to fluctuate during the Relief Period and it would seem reasonable for extended relief to be conditional on (and commensurate to) any ongoing or continuing financial impact for a tenant.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leisha further&nbsp;signalled&nbsp;that new leases negotiated&nbsp;during this time will not be covered by the Regulations&nbsp;and so \u201cyou should of course be factoring in appropriate contractual protections given statutory protection won\u2019t apply\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RELATED: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/property-law-nsw-update-electronic-lodgment-of-paper-documents\">Property Law NSW Update: Electronic Lodgment of Paper Documents<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suitable evidence of reduced income&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Residential tenants will be required to demonstrate that they are financially impacted by COVID-19 in order to be included in the 60 day stop on evictions and longer six-month restrictions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Melanie&nbsp;encouraged&nbsp;tenants to&nbsp;make&nbsp;every&nbsp;effort to provide adequate information and evidence to demonstrate reduced income&nbsp;as \u201ca greater level of transparency will likely improve negotiations\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She suggested&nbsp;that&nbsp;tenants could submit \u201credacted bank statements which only show monetary figures\u201d,&nbsp;\u201cevidence from Centrelink&nbsp;[that]&nbsp;they have applied for or are receiving Jobseeker payments\u201d, a statement of financial position drafted with the assistance of a financial counsellor&nbsp;or even \u201cdocumentary evidence from their employer that they have been let go or that their hours have been reduced\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Commercial lessees&nbsp;have&nbsp;also&nbsp;been urged to provide&nbsp;sufficient&nbsp;documentation to demonstrate actual decline in turnover.&nbsp;Service NSW&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.service.nsw.gov.au\/campaign\/covid-19-help-small-businesses\/commercial-lease-support\/request-commercial-tenancy-rent\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">recommends<\/a>&nbsp;that&nbsp;comparative bank statements or Business&nbsp;Activity&nbsp;Statement&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;accompany&nbsp;any&nbsp;appeal&nbsp;for rental relief along with specific details such as&nbsp;the percentage of the rental reduction&nbsp;requested&nbsp;and an outline&nbsp;of how much is to be waived and&nbsp;how much is to be deferred.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While it is significant that landlords are&nbsp;admonished to act reasonably and not&nbsp;place onerous requests on tenants for documentation, Melanie&nbsp;noted&nbsp;that&nbsp;if negotiations fail, the \u201cregulation includes a requirement for the tribunal to consider the full financial positions of both parties when determining whether it should terminate a tenancy due to rent arrears\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disbursement of&nbsp;rental relief&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Landlords in the&nbsp;NSW&nbsp;residential and commercial spheres are being offered&nbsp;land tax relief from the&nbsp;State&nbsp;government.&nbsp;Significantly, commercial landlords&nbsp;are charged&nbsp;with an additional&nbsp;obligation&nbsp;to&nbsp;pass the land tax concessions on to their tenants&nbsp;in the form of a rent reduction&nbsp;in order&nbsp;to be eligible for the concession.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Leisha believes that \u201cfor&nbsp;any impacted lessee who pays fixed amounts for statutory charges (land tax, rates etc) or landlord\u2019s insurance, the impacted lessee will be entitled to a reduction in that fixed amount if the landlord was able to get a reduction of the statutory charge\/insurance. The reduction should flow through to the lessee in the same proportion or ratio as received by the landlord\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However,&nbsp;Leisha&nbsp;explained&nbsp;that&nbsp;\u201cmost tenants pay outgoings on the basis of estimates, with a&nbsp;\u2018wash up\u2019&nbsp;at the end of the outgoings year\u201d&nbsp;and unfortunately, this&nbsp;ambiguity and the&nbsp;requirement to pass on the concession has the potential to be a nightmare for all parties concerned.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Non-compliance&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A key component of the&nbsp;eviction moratorium and&nbsp;National Cabinet Mandatory Code&nbsp;of Conduct&nbsp;has been the obligation&nbsp;for both parties to negotiate&nbsp;rental reductions&nbsp;\u201cin good faith\u201d.&nbsp;Nevertheless, there&nbsp;have been&nbsp;news reports of&nbsp;tenants and landlords playing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-04-07\/business-rent-fears-amid-coronavirus-lockdown\/12125996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">hardball<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 from tenants&nbsp;simply refusing to pay any rent or&nbsp;requesting rent waivers when they did not meet the requirements set out in the legislation&nbsp;to&nbsp;landlords&nbsp;choosing not to include&nbsp;outgoings or&nbsp;refusing to&nbsp;reduce rent until they&nbsp;themselves&nbsp;receive assistance from the government.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The government has since intervened to provide&nbsp;a little&nbsp;more clarity&nbsp;around eligibility for rent waivers and land tax concessions&nbsp;and&nbsp;to direct deadlocked parties to&nbsp;mediators.&nbsp;Specifically&nbsp;for commercial&nbsp;landlords,&nbsp;Leisha summarised:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA landlord is not entitled to pursue any&nbsp;\u2018prescribed action\u2019&nbsp;(eg&nbsp;terminate, re-enter, draw down on security etc) without first complying&nbsp;[with]&nbsp;the obligation to renegotiate the lease terms with an&nbsp;\u2018impacted lessee\u2019&nbsp;in good faith and having regard to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the leasing principles in the Code.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Regulations provide for alternative dispute resolution processes where there is non-compliance or parties are unable to agree during renegotiation. Leases captured under the&nbsp;<em>Retail Leases Act 1994<\/em>&nbsp;(NSW) (RLA) will go through the usual dispute resolution process under that Act (mediation\/NSW Civil &amp; Administrative Tribunal (NCAT)). Non-RLA leases will go through a mediation facilitated by the Small Business Commissioner and, if that proves unsuccessful, the usual court process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cShould any matters reach the courts or NCAT, the Regulations explicitly state that the relevant decision maker must have regard to the leasing principles set out in the Code when making a decision or order.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Insurance&nbsp;Claims&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In general, landlord insurance&nbsp;and\/or business interruption insurance&nbsp;are taken out&nbsp;to cover the loss of rent&nbsp;or&nbsp;income. However,&nbsp;news&nbsp;reports abound of landlords discovering that their&nbsp;compassion&nbsp;for their tenants has&nbsp;meant that their&nbsp;insurance&nbsp;will not cover them for any negotiated rental reduction&nbsp;because,&nbsp;as Jessica pointed&nbsp;out, \u201can agreement for rent relief or reduction is a common exclusion\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She&nbsp;further&nbsp;clarified&nbsp;that&nbsp;\u201cexclusions triggered by rent relief agreements are not unreasonable, because it is effectively a new agreement between the landlord and tenant, albeit temporary. The purpose of landlord insurance is not necessarily to cover the landlord for losses they otherwise have agreed to, but to provide cover where there has been a default by the tenant.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fortunately, \u201cthe need to evict a tenant is not stipulated as a mandatory condition to claim based on the policies I have reviewed, so the moratorium on evictions may not necessarily be a barrier to claim in some cases\u201d, added Jessica.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She stressed&nbsp;that before&nbsp;negotiating with tenants or agreeing to any rent reductions,&nbsp;\u201clandlords should understand and appreciate the parameters of their specific policy to ensure that temporary agreements during the COVID-19 outbreak with the tenant does not inadvertently result in loss beyond their expectations, and without the ability to claim\u201d&nbsp;and&nbsp;cautions&nbsp;that&nbsp;\u201cwhat&nbsp;\u2018can\u2019 be done during the COVID-19 period and when will depend on the state government measures and landlords should refer to NSW Fair Trading for&nbsp;the&nbsp;latest updates\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Insurers\u2019 assistance for landlords&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the wake of the Hayne Report,&nbsp;the fact that compassion is resulting in&nbsp;financial loss without an ability to recoup some of the&nbsp;deficit&nbsp;is undoubtedly grating.&nbsp;\u201cProactive engagement with policyholders could&nbsp;\u2026&nbsp;facilitate transparency and interpretation of policies, which could assist in ensuring the fair, honest and reasonable management of claims,\u201d&nbsp;opined&nbsp;Jessica, which would certainly&nbsp;help&nbsp;temper the public\u2019s perception of insurers in general.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She recommended&nbsp;that&nbsp;\u201cinsurers could consider, if this is not already done, notifying policyholders from time to time of changes to COVID-19 measures. Where there are uncertain or ill-defined terms in the policy wording, insurers could assist by defining terms in the context of COVID-19, where possible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNo doubt insurers are alive to the financial hardships that COVID-19 has put many in. Policyholders should contact their insurer for clarification and direction if they have any queries regarding any requirements that they need to satisfy if they need to claim on the policy. Open dialogue with the insurer, regardless of the initiating party, is an effective way of addressing any uncertainty and could help minimise disputes before they arise.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnother benefit in having early discussions with insurers is that the insurer may have already decided it will allow COVID-19 claims, notwithstanding the exclusions in their policy. If that\u2019s the case, it should provide landlords with some financial assistance, which should in turn also benefit the tenant.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The end&nbsp;game&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic and the harsh measures&nbsp;to&nbsp;save lives have taken an&nbsp;alarming economic&nbsp;toll&nbsp;on top of the&nbsp;obvious&nbsp;detriment to&nbsp;physical&nbsp;and mental health. There will&nbsp;surely be a reckoning when restrictions are lifted.&nbsp;As at the time of publication, there were 102 confirmed deaths due to COVID-19&nbsp;and&nbsp;early&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com.au\/publications\/australia-matters\/economic-consequences-coronavirus-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">modelling<\/a>&nbsp;has&nbsp;estimated&nbsp;that Australia\u2019s&nbsp;economy could contract by AUD$ 34.2 billion&nbsp;over a year.&nbsp;Tenancies, both residential and commercial, are but one small part in the economic apparatus. Melanie&nbsp;reflected&nbsp;that \u201cit is short sighted for landlords to evict tenants at this point in time, as they may not be financially better off if they do&nbsp;\u2026 .&nbsp;As restrictions lift, tenancies may be viable, therefore it may be in everyone\u2019s best interests to work to sustain tenancies during these difficult times.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clearly, the catchcry from the beginning of the restrictions has never been more appropriate \u2013 we are all in this together!&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Almost one million people lost their jobs while the underemployment rate increased to 13.7% when the Federal Government shut down non-essential services.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":3234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[646,647,648,625],"tags":[1340,1388,1387],"insight_job_role":[1315,628],"insight_practice_area":[621],"class_list":["entry","author-cindywyn","has-excerpt","post-3233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-legal-commentary-and-opinion","category-legal-research","category-legislation-and-case-law","category-research-and-know-how","tag-covid-19","tag-nsw-evictions-moratorium","tag-nsw-property-law","insight_job_role-barrister","insight_job_role-solicitor","insight_practice_area-property-law","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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